The SOGIESC BILL through the Structuration Lens of Anthony Giddens.

 

INTRODUCTION

The SOGIE Equality Bill represents a pivotal piece of legislation in the Philippines, aimed at safeguarding individuals from discrimination based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression. This legislative effort has been a long-standing issue, with its initial version introduced over 23 years ago during the 14th Congress.

The SOGIE Equality Bill acknowledges that LGBTQIA+ individuals in the Philippines disproportionately face inequalities and discrimination. It strives to ensure equal opportunities and access to essential social services, employment, education, healthcare, and legal protections for all, regardless of SOGIE. Despite its noble objectives, the bill has encountered significant delays and opposition, primarily from conservative religious groups who perceive it as a threat to "Filipino values."

From a sociological standpoint, the discourse surrounding the SOGIE Equality Bill can be examined through Anthony Giddens' theory of structuration. Giddens' theory posits that social structures, including cultural norms and institutional practices, both enable and constrain individual agency. In the context of the SOGIE Equality Bill, the conflict manifests as a struggle between the LGBTQIA+ community's push for equal rights and the resistance from conservative religious and political factions’ intent on preserving existing social structures that marginalize this community.

 The religious majority in the Philippines has effectively "weaponized" the concept of religious freedom to oppose the SOGIE Equality Bill. They argue that the bill discriminates against their beliefs and imposes "special rights" on the LGBTQIA+ community. This tactic of weaponizing religious freedom is a common strategy employed by conservative groups to defend their values and resist social progress on issues related to gender and sexuality.

Additionally, the proliferation of disinformation and false narratives about the SOGIE Equality Bill has been a significant impediment to its passage. Anti-SOGIE disinformation networks have actively spread misinformation, further fueling opposition and stalling the bill's progress in the Philippine Congress. This spread of false information exacerbates the challenges faced by advocates of the bill and undermines efforts to foster an informed and rational public debate.

The SOGIE Equality Bill holds the potential to address systemic discrimination and inequalities faced by LGBTQIA+ individuals in the Philippines. However, its progress has been thwarted by the entrenched conflict between the push for equality by the LGBTQIA+ community and the resistance from conservative religious and political factions. These factions seek to maintain the existing social structures that perpetuate marginalization.

Analyzing this issue through the lens of Giddens' theory of structuration reveals the complex power dynamics and competing interests at play. It underscores the need for continued advocacy and a steadfast commitment to upholding human rights and social justice. As Filipino society grapples with these challenges, the passage of the SOGIE Equality Bill remains a critical step towards achieving genuine equality and inclusivity.

 THE STRUCTURATION THEORY AND IT'S APPLICATION TO THE TRENDS OF SOGIESC BILL

     In the Philippines, the Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity Expression, and Sex Characteristics (SOGIESC) Bill has been a major and contentious topic, reflecting larger cultural tensions and changes. The purpose of this law is to advance equality and human rights for the LGBTQ+ community by addressing and preventing discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression. Through the use of Anthony Giddens' structuration theory, the SOGIE Bill may be examined in a way that offers a thorough comprehension of the dynamic interaction between social institutions and individual agency that shapes this issue in Filipino society.

Structuration Theory and the SOGIE Bill

Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory emphasizes the duality of structure, asserting that social structures both shape and are shaped by the practices they organize. In the context of the SOGIE Bill, social norms and institutional practices concerning gender and sexuality have historically marginalized the LGBTQ+ community. These structures are deeply entrenched in Filipino society, influenced by a confluence of cultural, religious, and political factors. For instance, conservative religious doctrines often perpetuate traditional gender roles, while political frameworks may lack robust protections for LGBTQ+ individuals. Despite these entrenched norms, individuals and groups advocating for the SOGIE Bill are exercising their agency to challenge and transform these discriminatory structures. Through persistent advocacy, education campaigns, and legal efforts, they aim to reshape societal attitudes and institutional practices towards greater equality and inclusivity. This involves not only pushing for legislative change but also fostering a cultural shift that recognizes and respects the rights of all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. The ongoing struggle illustrates the dynamic interplay between structure and agency, highlighting the potential for social change even in the face of deeply rooted opposition.

Social Practices and Institutional Resistance

The regularized social practices that discriminate against LGBTQ+ individuals are evident in various aspects of Filipino life, from workplace discrimination to social stigmatization. These practices are perpetuated by existing societal rules and resources, including traditional beliefs and legal frameworks that reinforce exclusionary norms. For example, LGBTQ+ individuals often face barriers to employment, education, and healthcare, and are subjected to prejudice and hostility in public and private spheres.

Giddens’ structuration theory posits that these structures are not static; they are continuously produced and reproduced through human action. This means that while discriminatory practices are deeply entrenched, they are also subject to change through active human agency. Proponents of the SOGIE Bill are actively engaging in social practices that seek to redefine the societal rules and resources related to gender and sexuality. They aim to institutionalize equality and non-discrimination through legislative change and cultural shifts.

 Advocates of the SOGIE Bill are working to challenge and transform these discriminatory structures by raising awareness, lobbying for legislative reforms, and fostering a more inclusive cultural narrative. This involves educational campaigns to combat myths and stereotypes about LGBTQ+ individuals, legal battles to secure rights and protections, and community-building efforts to support those affected by discrimination. Through these actions, they are not only pushing for the passage of the SOGIE Bill but also striving to create a society where equality and human rights are fundamental principles respected by all.

The dynamic interplay between structure and agency highlighted by Giddens’ theory underscores the potential for social change. By actively engaging in practices that challenge the status quo, proponents of the SOGIE Bill demonstrate that even deeply rooted societal norms and institutionalized discrimination can be transformed. This ongoing struggle illustrates the power of collective action and the importance of continued advocacy in the pursuit of social justice and equality for all.

Power Dynamics and Reflexivity

    Power dynamics are at the heart of the discourse surrounding the SOGIE Bill in the Philippines, and this struggle is deeply personal to many within the LGBTQ+ community. Individuals in positions of authority—such as religious leaders and conservative politicians—often wield their influence to resist changes that challenge traditional social structures. They mobilize resources and public opinion, framing the SOGIE Bill as a threat to "Filipino values." This powerful opposition is evident in the consistent delays and robust resistance the bill faces in the legislative process, despite being introduced multiple times over the years.

    For many in the LGBTQ+ community, this fight is intensely personal. They understand the stakes because they live them every day. Their reflexivity—their capacity to reflect on their conditions and act upon them—enables them to strategize and mobilize support effectively. This concept of reflexivity, as described by Anthony Giddens, involves understanding their social environment and using that understanding to drive change. LGBTQ+ advocates exemplify this as they build coalitions, engage in public education campaigns, and lobby lawmakers. These efforts are about more than just passing a bill; they aim to change hearts and minds.

    Advocates organize rallies, launch social media campaigns, and hold educational forums to raise awareness about the importance of the SOGIE Bill and the need for equal rights. They are not merely pushing for legislative change; they are fighting to shift public opinion and cultural norms. Their goal is to create a society where everyone is respected and protected, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity.

    This struggle highlights the dynamic interplay between power and agency. While those in authority may resist efforts to change traditional structures, the persistent and strategic efforts of LGBTQ+ advocates demonstrate the power of grassroots movements. The ongoing fight for the SOGIE Bill's passage is a testament to the resilience and determination of the LGBTQ+ community and its allies. It underscores the critical importance of continued advocacy and activism in the pursuit of social justice and equality. This battle is not just a legislative one; it reflects the collective hopes for a more inclusive and equitable future.

    Despite the growing visibility and support for LGBTQ+ rights, the SOGIE Bill faces significant hurdles in the Philippines. Cultural and religious conservatism remains a powerful force in Filipino society, frequently framing LGBTQ+ identities as incompatible with societal values. This cultural resistance is reinforced by political structures that are slow to adapt to changing social attitudes, creating a challenging environment for the bill's advancement.

    The deep-seated conservatism manifests in various ways, from public opinion shaped by religious teachings to political leaders who rely on conservative support bases. These factors contribute to a social and political landscape where efforts to pass the SOGIE Bill are met with considerable opposition. The bill's proponents often face arguments that equate the recognition of LGBTQ+ rights with a threat to traditional Filipino values, making it difficult to garner widespread legislative support.

    Moreover, the debate surrounding the SOGIE Bill highlights broader issues of human rights and social justice in the Philippines. It brings to the forefront the necessity of a more inclusive approach to policymaking that recognizes and protects the rights of all citizens, irrespective of their sexual orientation or gender identity. This includes addressing the systemic inequalities and discrimination that LGBTQ+ individuals face in various aspects of life, from employment and education to healthcare and legal protection.

     The ongoing struggle for the SOGIE Bill’s passage underscores the urgent need for societal and institutional change. It calls for a shift in both cultural attitudes and political will to embrace diversity and uphold human rights. As the bill’s advocates continue their efforts, the broader implications of their fight resonate, highlighting the essential role of inclusive policies in building a just and equitable society.

 

REFERENCES: 

David, E. J. R. (2013). Brown Skin, White Minds: Filipino-/American Postcolonial Psychology. Information Age Publishing.

Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. University of California Press.

Human Rights Watch. (2021). "Philippines: Uphold Rights of LGBT People." Retrieved from Human Rights Watch.

Punongbayan, JC."[In This Economy] Why the SOGIE equality bill is a step toward a more just Philippines"Rappler. JUN 17, 2024 https://www.rappler.com/voices/thought-leaders/in-this-economy-why-sogie-equality-bill-step-toward-more-just-philippines/

Sandoval, M. (2020). "SOGIE Bill and the Philippine Congress: An Analysis of Legislative Deliberation and Social Advocacy." Journal of Philippine Social Policy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOGIE_Equality_Bill

https://www.amnesty.org.ph/2023/06/pass-the-sogie-equality-law-now/

https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/disinformation-sogie-bill-spreads-filipino-queers-face-real-world-discrimination

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351905235_THE_FIGHT_FOR_EQUALITY_The_Advancement_of_SOGIE_Equality_Bill_in_the_Philippines

 

The Beginning

Sa pagsisimula ng taong ito, muli ko na namang haharapin ang panibagong gampanin ng aking sarili---ang mag-aral ulit ng English. Marami nang nakakapansin ng aking mga post, comment, mga statuses at lalong sa aking mga blogs na problema ko ang pagkokonstruct ng mga pangungusap at mga phrases in correct form. Malaki na ang problema ko tungkol dito at kailangan ko na talagang seryosohing baguhin ang mga ito. Kahit yung mga kaibigang kong matagal nang di nakikita ay na-aalarma na rin sa aking mga isinusulat sa mga nagdaang panahon sa mga social networking sites. Ayon sa kanila, mali mali ang grammar at ang pag-bubuo nito. Madaling maunawaan daw ang ibig kong sabihin pero di ko ito ma-express sa lengguwahe na gusto ko. Paanu nga naman ako maiintindihan ng ibang tao kung di naman maayos ang pagkaka-ayos ng mga salita sa pangungusap? mula noon ito na talaga ang problema ko, pangalawa ang subject na english sa pinakamahina kong subject nung nag-aaral pa ko. ewan ko ba kung bakit ako pumapasa at maraming pumapasa sa subject na to. Kasi kung alam lang ng mga teacher ko nung high school na wala akong naintindihan sa kanila eh malamang mag-uulit ako ng english sa High school..hehehe...mas matindi ang Mathematics siempre sa lahat, dahil wala akong panahon para matutunan ang mga bagay na ito. Isa pa yung way ng pag-aaral ng mga panahong yun. Mas iniisip kasi namin ang pagkain at puro paglilibang at walang nagtiyatiyagang magturo sa amin kahit ang mga kapatid ko. Nakakainis lang dahil maaga nawala sila parents. Kaya eto, ako na lang sa sarili ko ang mag-babalik aral ulit. Ilan sa mga konsepto ay naaalala ko pa, kaya madali na lang sa akin ang lahat. mas maganda to kesa maging tanga ako sa mga salitang nababasa ko pero di ko naman alam ang ibig sabihin. Di ako nagtrytrying hard pero kailangan ko to para maunawaan ko rin yung iba pang mga writtings at mga information lalo na't nasusulat sa Ingles. Pipilitin ko na gumawa ng isang plano para sa improvement pa lalo ng aking skills sa grammar.Sabi nga ng isa kong friend, umpisahan ko muna daw magbasa ng mga children books at mga fairytales para mas magaan ko munang maunawaan ang ilang mga basic concept lalo na ang Subject verb Agreement. Naaalala ko ang topic na ito, pero di ko na alam kung paanu gamitin. kasi naman grumadweyt ako ng high school at college pero di ako ko man lang na-aapply yan mga ganyang batayan. Matagal ko na tong plano pero wala man lang improvement, bumili na ko ng mga materials (tulad ng Dictionary, mga guides sa english usages etc ect.) pero naisip ko san ba ko mag-uumpisa?? meron nga akong mga gamit pero di ko alam kung san ako magsisimula? its a big question of mine. Nagseself pity na ko at naiiyak na lang minsan dahil ang hina hina kong umintindi ng English.

Nakakababa pala ng confidence kapag ganito ang nangyayari sayo. di mo maintindihan ang mga taong nagsusulat na ang medium ay english. di ka makasali sa mga discussions kasi di mu maexpress ang sarili mu sa English way. Gusto mong sumagot sa English Class pero naguguluhan ka kung tama ba o mali ang sagot mu. Pinagtatawanan ka ng mga tao sa paligid mu, pati sa mga net sites at mga comments ay pinagpipiyestahan ang mga mali mung grammar--you're are a BIG IDIOT!! napakasakit lalo na kung di ka nabuild na tumanggap ng mga mali. Parang gusto mu eh, sabunutan mo silang lahat at sisihin sila kung bakit di ka nila tinulungan?. pero para sa akin di pa huli ang lahat hanggat may buhay at taong gustong matuto walang imposible..

kaya sa malaon at madali, unti unti ko nang binabaka ang mga maling pagtingin ko sa aking sarili. I try to materialize all of my plans at gumawa ng mga bagay na makakapagpaunlad sa aking skills. Ang trabaho ay hindi magiging hadlang para mag-aral ulit sa paraan ng sariling sikap. nandyan lang ang mga resources sabi ko sa sarili ko. Nasasaakin na lang kung paanu ko ito gagagmitin.

Fighting Burn Outs!

Working in a BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) setting presents unique challenges, often leading to burnout if not managed effectively. The nature of the job demands multitasking, adherence to strict client requirements, and navigating escalated situations, all of which can contribute to stress and mental exhaustion.

In my own experience, I have encountered moments where the demands of the job took a toll on my mental well-being and even posed risks to my physical health. Recognizing the signs of burnout became crucial for me, prompting proactive measures to address and prevent it from worsening.

One strategy I found effective was engaging in open discussions with team members. Sharing thoughts and ideas about workplace dynamics not only fostered a sense of camaraderie but also provided valuable insights and support. Additionally, allocating time for personal activities outside of work proved instrumental in maintaining balance. Stepping away from work-related thoughts during leisure time helped me disconnect from the stressors of the job and reconnect with myself.

Investing in personal development became another cornerstone of my approach to combating burnout. Engaging in activities such as reading books or watching movies not only served as enjoyable pastimes but also contributed to my overall resilience. Strengthening my mental and emotional well-being outside of work equipped me with the tools to navigate challenges more effectively when returning to the job.

Furthermore, effective time management emerged as a critical component in my efforts to mitigate burnout. By prioritizing tasks, setting boundaries, and practicing self-care, I found myself better equipped to handle the demands of the job without sacrificing my personal well-being.

In conclusion, while working in a flexible environment like a BPO setting can be demanding, proactive measures such as open communication, self-care practices, personal development, and time management can play pivotal roles in preventing and addressing burnout. By prioritizing holistic well-being, individuals can maintain resilience and thrive in challenging work environments.

GOMBURZA 2023

 Kagagaling ko lang sa Arellano University para kumuha ng ticket para sa Oath Taking for Professional Teacher na magaganap sa Ika - 9 ng Pebrero. I'm excited siempre, parang mafefeel ko na isa na kong ganap na teacher na matagal ko nang pangarap. Habang nag wawait ako matapos ang process sa venue, eh sumagi sa isip ko ang matagal ko nang planong manuod ng GOMBURZA, isa sa mga kalahok sa Metro Manila Film Festival ngayong taon. However, dahil sa sobrang antok ko eh, nakalimutan ko nang manuod kaya nagdecide na kong umuwi ng Marikina at magpahinga. Feeling exhausted na ko masyado sa paglalakad. Simula nung Holiday at nag review for teacher ngayon taon eh nag-iisip na lang akong magpahinga. Ganun siguro kapag tumatanda na, mas pipiliin na lang mag stay sa bahay at matulog. Oo, ugali kong magproscrastinate lalo na kapag tambak na ang gawain at mga pending na school works. Dagdag pa itong Masters na ito sa Sociology. Pero alam nio ba? humuhugot na lang ako ng lakas sa mga nangyayare ngayon sa lipunan at para bang gusto ko na ng isang matinding pagbabago?. ika nga, hindi na sa isang iglap eh mababago mo itong lipunan, need ng more time and effort. Talagang nilalabanan ko ang pagiging kampante lalo na't hindi pa ko mayaman..hahaha! Pero sa totoo lang, nag sstrive talaga ako everyday! iniisip kong paano magkakaroon ng malaking pera at mabayaran itong mga pending na medical bills sa Medical City na utang ko way back 2021. Pero nanalig pa rin ako na magkakaroon din ako ng isang Milyon para mabayaran lahat ng pagkakautang ko and someway how to get and push to have a Million in my pocket. 

The flight of every BPO workers towards a genuine worker’s union: A sociological imagination reflection.

 

As the Philippines faced the 5th industrial revolution, with the majority of international companies, such as Google and Microsoft, investing in Artificial Intelligence and automation, the country's best source of economic regeneration, the Information Technology Business Processing Outsourcing (IT-BPO) sector, was preparing its components and logistical needs to meet the demands of the times. The sweep of technological advancement primarily demonstrates that the old system of business operations, due to the call of international markets, has led the Philippines to much more fussing and has tried much more to align all institutional components such as education and workforce to the call of Globalization. Following its equivalent in India, the Philippines was recently considered as the future global BPO hub. The reason for this is that workers in the country have been considered marketable due to the acquisition of soft skills such as excellent communication skills, where English is very common for its people, possibly due to the long influence of American culture and its educational system, and the low labor costs. Last February of 2023, the department of education amend its basic curriculum to the essentials needs of every Filipino student to mainly focus on 3’Rs and the stress of English language and technical skills. This also shown on given the opportunity to high school graduate to be employable as they completed the additional 2 years in secondary education primarily started since the Administration former president Rodrigo Duterte and former Deped Secretary Leonor Briones since 2016. Despite the country's lack of advanced technology, the government sells these deals to multinational firms in order for their investment to be based in the economy and save it from failing and economic troubles. BPO employment are common and may be found in all job marketplaces, job placement agencies, and platforms. According to Colliers International magazine analysis, the BPO business is anticipated to be worth US$164.7 billion in 2022 and US$381.52 billion by 2030. In 2000, the BPO industry accounted for a mere 0.075% of the country’s GDP, which has grown exponentially since then. In an article published in Manila Standard, Jack Madrid, president of the IT and Business Process Association of the Philippines (IBPAP) said that the industry contributed at least 7% to the Philippine economy during the pandemic. In 2005, the BPO industry in the Philippines, consisting primarily of outsourcing call centers, contributed 2.4 percent to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) as it gained 3+ percent of the global BPO market. Over the next five years, the BPO sector in the country exponentially grew, generating $8.9 billion in revenue in the Philippines, leading the country to be declared as the world’s BPO capital in 2010. Today, the BPO industry in the Philippines holds an estimated 12 to 15 percent of the global BPO market (Phil.Star). Nextford University also revealed that 1.3 million Filipinos had been employed in over 1,000 BPO companies since 2019. This has also been given to various private sectors such as real estate to change their assets such as condos, warehouses, and malls into new places of business operation such as BPO. This can be seen as SM malls deliver renting facilities to the new endeavor for BPO hub, which is particularly closed to their finest malls and restaurants. These may also be an excellent opportunity for a 24/7 operation to cater to the workers in times of starvation and need for foods and other related personal necessities.

On the other hand, Some SME (Small Medium Enterprise) considered BPO as life saver, since they have these opportunities for them save costs of labor in staffing and onboarding. According to Sunstar.com, By tapping into the country’s vast workforce, SME can save a whopping 50-70% on labor costs. Compare the US$4-6 per hour earned by a call center agent in the Philippines to the US$12-15 paid to a US agent for doing the same job. BPO providers cover secondary costs like insurance and benefits. Small business owners can then re-channel these savings into other areas of their business. All of the said beneficial information for the country’s economy are truly mirrored that a strong fundamental way of actions is on its way and they were successful for this one. However, discontent was brewing behind the walls of call centers, back offices, and customer service hubs. BPO workers, the overlooked heroes of the global outsourcing business, continue to face multiple issues, the most of which have gone unnoticed for far too long. Reports in unfair labor practices and unhealthy working conditions are normalized in the work and still running to the veins of every aspect of the sunshine business of BPO. This is also the culprit on why some organization decided to have formed at least a union in the BPO industry instead to be the center of grievances and complains. This is a review of the individual problems within the BPO setup and how these problems are an extension of the larger problem of labor groups that make the collective journey as a testament to the effectiveness of collective actions and social solidarity.

Personal Issues or Public Troubles? The challenges of BPO Workers in forming unions.

Despite the demands of BPO workers in the Philippines, the industry is characterized by working long hours of shift, high demand of productivity, Low wages, Job insecurity, and often stressful that may cause an unhealthy working condition among others. One of the examples of these is the formation of Unified Employees of Alorica, founded by initiative of some frontline agents and managerial positions in Makati City way back in 2016. The company (Alorica) has implemented some incentive for those employees to work in long hours from regular 8 hours of work, in labor code, stated the acceptable working hours is only 8 provided if there’s a prescribed maximum overtime hours for selected industries. Apparently, the BPO companies is not subscribing the rule of the thumb in implementing such regulation and sometimes it may appeal to the client that it may serve as a productivity wise but for the employee is a massive issue inside of the production floor. One of the testaments of the call center employee in Alorica, state that sometimes their schedule has been plotted a mandatory overtime and there’s a definite time allotted already without their will. The culture of “pakikisama” by which one of the Filipino adhere culture in the workplace have been observed. Job termination also came to the scene and the management does not care anything about it. Because of unlawful situation of the BPO workers in Alorica, some agents filed their grievances in DOLE or Department of Labor and Employment through its channel, the National Labor Relation Commission (NLRC). The outcome seems successful however, the attack towards the union has been promulgated in the workplace that led to failing of the organization inside of the company premises. The company retaliated by terminating all the leaders of the union and made up some cases to justify the termination of union leaders. The employees still the sense of their ideals in restating the union but then some members are not engaged anymore in the work and some of them have been transferred to a different company. These results are also found in the studies of Reese and Soco-Carreon from Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, a qualitative study with 40 currently employed and former call center agents in Metro Manila, Davao City and Dumaguete City. They found out that, call center employees in BPO industries are not recommended by their employers and it may result to their separation and will mark them as not good example for other employees, and joining a union is part of their compliance as stipulated on their employment contract upon onboarding. Discouragement and discrimination have been shown and fear at the same time that aggravated by the fact that, if you have to speak out it will have tagged you as troublemakers. BPO workers are not so clear on who to blame in some unlawful policies of these companies since majority of the clients are in abroad so they didn’t know whom to talk to and bargain with since they are not visible. Others even say that nobody is to be held responsible in particular. They all rely and gave their grievances in HR and if there’s a town hall which sometimes it needs to be approach individually in an open-door policy. They have been managed to tell their situations and job concerns but supervisor can’t do anything about it since they are busy in the account that they are part of.

Individual problems define the lives of all BPO workers, painting a complicated picture of an industry that has offered employment and economic opportunities for all Filipinos, particularly young professionals today. Today's new generation is obsessed with information and has learned to think critically as the new era of learning is introduced. Nonetheless, the system was attempting to emphasize the need of not becoming a patron of any development among its labor force, and profits are the first priority. Clearly, if we consider the reality that BPO workers are a younger generation, and the lack of information in union formation is not as prevalent, some will take the initiative to become involved, particularly in change. Individual BPO workers' private lives are not isolated events, but are inextricably connected with societal issues. The majority of this is due to the effects of globalization and Neo-liberalization of the economy, which are currently taking place in the global south. Individual worker problems that prevent people from joining a union are linked to this issue and must be addressed.

The workers' social solidarity is evident enough to determine that they should create a place and unionize in order to protect their interests and grasp of what it means to be a human being. It's simple to grasp how they live, but the system makes it difficult to do so. According to Mills' Sociological Imagination, it’s explained how individual people understand their and others' pasts in relation to both history and social structure. Figuration is the simultaneous study of society and individuals. Social solidarity is any social ties that bind a group of people together. Social Solidarity is a powerful force that can help BPO workers achieve improved working conditions and labor rights. It will increase the demand for change and call into question the status quo.  By combining their efforts, BPO workers can impact not only their immediate working situations, but also a larger societal system that perpetuates their problems.

As we conclude the challenge of forming a union in BPO is on the dim situation that needs to clear all necessary disruptions along the way. BPO sector needs to be more aggressive in to understand the benefits of collective action as part of their social solidarity that may lead to change of the whole large system. Good thing, some organization in labor sector are passing some bills like the Magna Carta for BPO that started since 2014 and it use it to establishes standards for fair labor practices and mandates additional benefits to BPO workers, such as safeguards against job insecurity, a uniform nationwide minimum wage for entry-level positions, and access to medical benefits upon employment. In addition, those workers who are brave enough to organize and/or fight for their right to organize face various forms of harassment and discrimination from management. This opportunity will give leeway and will be the answer in lacking of organizational power to push the interest of BPO workers in the Philippines.

 

 REFERENCES:

 

Chi, Christina. Bill seeking fair labor practices, job security for BPO workers filed. May 21, 2023. Philippine Star. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/05/21/2267487/bill-seeking-fair-labor-practices-job-security-bpo-workers-filed

C. Wright Mills. The Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press, 1959.

BPO Philippines: A Potential Lifesaver for SMEs.  https://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/feature/bpo-philippines-a-potential-lifesaver-for-smes

Galant, Michael. Philippine Call Center Workers Are in Danger. It’s Our Problem, Too. MAY 27, 2020. INThesetimes. https://inthesetimes.com/article/philippine-call-center-workers-covid-cwa-unions-corporate-globalization

Industry Knowledge. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Philippines: A Promising Future?. Published on October 21, 2022. Task Us Philippines. https://www.taskus.com/insights/bpo-industry-philippines/

Pacete, Tricia. BPO situationer: Philippines poised to capture a bigger slice of the BPO global market share. September 20, 2020. Colliers International Manila. https://www.colliers.com/en-ph/news/bpo-situationer-philippines-poised-capture-bigger-slice-global-market-share

Reese, N., & Soco-Carreon, J. (2013). No call for action? Why there is no union (yet) in Philippine call centers. ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 6(1), 140-159. https://doi.org/10.4232/10.ASEAS-6.1-8

Statement on the Anti-Union Interference Bill (HB 407). bienphilippines. March 13, 2023. https://bienphilippines.wordpress.com/news-2/

 

BE GLAD STATEMENT IN IDAHOT 2023

          The BPO Employees, Gays, Lesbians, and Allies for Genuine Acceptance and Democracy (BEGLAD) support the observance of May 17th as the Commemoration of International Day Against Homophobia, Biphobia, and Transphobia, which kicks off today. As the world celebrates this triumph in history, massive oppression and discrimination among LGBT and queer people still prevail in different parts of the world. Regardless of beliefs and races, many countries still prohibit the rights of LGBT individuals to self-expression and identity, which results in confusion and struggle to live as human beings. Discriminatory laws, practices, and beliefs towards LGBT individuals lead to denying them self-autonomy, as well as the right to a better workplace.

          However, in the Philippines, which has been considered the gay-friendliest country in Southeast Asia according to a recent report by an independent Pew Research Center, the actual realities are a little different. It is undefined how LGBT workers live, especially the majority of BPO workers. Despite the culture and promotion of good acceptance in the workplace for LGBT individuals in private institutions and BPO companies, BPO workers are still prone to not having a good place to work and are open to the possibility of losing their jobs. Wages are not intact, low and cheap, and not even reciprocated to what is expected. Due to the country's neoliberal policies, the entire workforce has only been given an option to stick to the available job without security or suffer from hunger. The sentiments of the so-called "sunshine industry" are still labeled as a good image for the employment status of the country, but even proper treatment among the sector of the industry is not really a priority and is abstracted in the minds of our leaderships. Skills are still being targeted for cheap labor, which the government does not even bother to promote its welfare and well-being.

          BPO workers are calling for a standard entry-level wage of 31,000 per month to live together with their families. Nevertheless, this call is still pending and takes time for those in power to approve due to some arrangements with international investors. Inflation and the high prices of basic commodities are still part of the ongoing lives of every BPO worker, even those in the field of entertainment still challenge them on how to survive in everyday life. These are the common challenges and struggling situations of every LGBT worker in the BPO industry, leading to other related work and using their other skills just to provide financial subsidies to their loved ones and families. As a big share in the economic placement in this country, we are still bound by the demand for a better opportunity, and this government should ensure proper arrangements to secure jobs and living wages.

          We are also calling on our leadership led by none other than President Marcos and his colleagues to stand for truth and justice among the workers and seek to halt the ongoing impunity and massive killings happening on the ground and hold all perpetrators accountable for their inhumane acts. The right to self-organization and securing every right of every BPO worker should be a priority and cannot be put in the road of injustices and maltreatment. This fight for our calls would not be the only way for us to see in the limelight of battle. Our call for genuine acceptance and freedom is to pave the way for true democracy that should be seen in reality. As the IDAHOT perspective says, “We need to diversify and unite.” This can only happen through genuine collective actions among LGBT individuals and people who have the same level of burden and aims of being free from oppression and discrimination.

If you are not a teacher, how will you advise a teacher so he/she can ensure inclusive education in the classroom setting.

 

The education in the Philippine right now is facing some challenges not only it’s facilities and other necessary services not only for the teachers but also in the disabled learners. In the classroom, they are normally seen integrated into the traditional classroom components of students without disabilities and the teachers. Teachers are having a hard time to think of ways to cope up these learners to get along with some lesson. Since they were merged with other students, teacher was trying to find other way for them to be catered and not left behind. When time of rationalization, students are expected to have understand the basic level of understanding especially in the stage where in they are need to comprehend the lesson and other concepts. This area of learning is crucial not to mentioned that learners are having different curve or style of coping the knowledge. There were times that teacher does a lot of flexible way of method and then they came to the point that some student can’t follow what should be done. That’s were a lot of intervening activities come in. I have noticed in one of my interviews in one of the public teachers in Olongapo, Zambales, teachers don’t a proper training on how to handle those students with special needs, teacher are struggling to level their action to the traditional student and their classmate with having special needs. They intend to mainly focus the lesson to the student who having difficulty in understanding and make it more interesting in order for to get the lesson nevertheless, they would still stick on the same level of understanding. I know Department of Education is trying to get more information through it reports on basically this problem be fixed. But different scenarios are still prevailing based on some assessments. These challenges were seen in a lot of aspect in terms of classroom management. The challenge, how these students can be more engaging in term of fulfilling the lesson in a daily basis. As this task require how can I suggest that a classroom is more inclusively good and conducive to those who are not of attention.

                Some studies and articles shown that using an inclusive language on all forms of discussion and narrative especially in the classroom is considered part of the inclusivity in school. Educators are expected to make the process welcoming by ensuring all handbooks, forms, and other communications are inclusive of all family structures and gender identities. Teachers are should be made and build a positive and welcoming classroom environment, using technologies like bulletin boards that compose of colorful design and creative materials that show the life of every student and other people regardless of color, race, sexual and gender identities are encourage to form in order for them to feel nice and comfort. By this action the teachers are promoting and showing respect and diversity among the members of the class. To address the issue of learning difficulties on understanding each of the lesson, I must suggest that creating a more flexible way teacher are good. In this manner, the teacher can use variety of teaching method of course teacher expected that he or she know every style of his or her class members. Teacher needs to do it and catered to different learning styles and their abilities. This can include, visual aid with a clear detail of the lesson, they can add some animations and moving objects like in PowerPoint presentations. Also, they can more group work so that other introvert student can participate to the lesson and classroom activity, this is much exciting for them to anticipate various and complicated lessons. Hand on activities and Technology based resources like TikTok and YouTube are encouraged to adopt. Millennials are so fond now adays in terms of social media, so this can be better to add in the flavors of learning in the classroom. Also, this may encourage their openness and participation using the technology and cyberspace. A great way for them to learn. It also shows their eagerness and participate in every classroom activity. A guidance may need to implement just to avoid to much using of social media.  Other suggestion would be teachers should provide accommodations and modifications to meet the unique need of each student. This may include extra time especially those students who having a hard time to follow the lessons. Teacher can open their other timeslot of helping the students on their respective assignments, and written works activities. Other way for that, teacher can also work with seating arrangements, he should put those students who having a hard time to see the blackboard and the information showing in front of the class and other assisting them to use the computer and other emerging technologies. Teachers can present a more classroom participation in all class members and de show a lot of encouragement. Giving them a lot of way to understand every topic can acquire more understanding. Also, it allows different perspective to be shared in the class. Multiculturalism should be given to the context of each classroom management since different students came from different class and group of society this may include cultural response to each lesson so that other learners especially from the outside community may participate. Incorporating cultural references and traditions into the curriculum and avoiding stereotypes. Lastly, my other suggestion is that, collaboration could also help in ensuring the response and development of the learners. As we all said, “it takes the whole community to raise a child” means, not only reciprocating ideas of every mentor for the students but extending the hand and influence for the learners and the community are also welcome on this kind of method to become more inclusive.

                In conclusion, being diverse and open for a lot of opportunities to every kind of students are more good compare to a non-responsive type of the classroom to the needs of people who are need more attention. Inclusive education is to create an environment that is fully welcoming and responsive to all students needs, regardless of background, abilities and disabilities.

Does Cancel Culture encourage us to do good or bad? :Socio preview.

 

Photo taken from Adobo Magazine

                     

Social media influencers and celebrities, such as Jonalyn Bartolome and DJ Loonyo, are well-known for their respective provocative actions and ideas, which have made them popular among all. However, as a result of their massive activities, which elicited a wide range of reactions from netizens, their image deteriorated, and they faced anger and concern. To distinguish the two personalities, DJ Loonyo became well-known for his reaction to the so-called "iconic MASS TESTING" during the lockdown and the presence of the Corona Virus (COVID-19). He stated that the vaccine could cause problems and be dangerous to everyone. Even after he posted a clarification statement on Facebook, people were still upset, and it took months for the incident to be forgotten, especially since the government mandated that everyone get vaccinated. Some people used it to spread bad news about ayuda, or government aid. DJ Loonyo anticipated some people's online reactions, and he knew it would harm his reputation in the long run. On the other hand, Donnalyn Bartolome's cancellation culture was fascinating. She took a different approach, and worst of all, she was labeled as a "pambansang poon ng mga worker" after expressing her opinion against workers who continue to work even on holidays. Donnalyn's insensitive remarks elicited a barrage of negative responses, though some, particularly her fans, agreed with her. Jonalyn Bartolome's image had a lot of problems, especially with professionals and academe, which made her look bad in their eyes, as they thought she was immoral.

Cancel culture is a problem nowadays, particularly among younger generations. This has increased their engagement, particularly on social media, where many people can easily see information and comment on specific people, such as celebrities, for their bad behavior and activities. According to an Adobe Magazines article dated September 13, 2022, cancel culture refers to boycotting public figures due to inappropriate behavior toward society's set standards and rules. This is also the result that Sociologist Howard Becker attempted to highlight.  The offender was tagged or labeled without his consent or knowledge that he is an offender in the first place. According to his labeling theory, no act of behavior in and of itself is criminal or offender; it is the societal reaction to a behavior and the law that make them criminal or offender. If society condemns the behavior of the person who violates the standards or norms, that person becomes an offender. This is also the culprit of the current cancel culture, which is presented by the powerful entity in society known as "Moral Entrepreneurs." They are the ones who set rules and standards that usually favor them, and that makes other people believe, because they are capable of means of communication and materials to disseminate information, such as social media and massive online followers.

According to recent surveys conducted by Milieu Insight, a Southeast Asian research firm, there are two major stands that have received a lot of flak in the past as a result of this cancel culture: cultural appropriation and political stands. As previously stated, influencer Donnalyn Bartolome intended activities considered part of her stint to garner attention, as she used the concept of cultural appropriation for the sake of her social media content and profit. The recent Presidential election saw a lot of backlash and fights among the supporters and voters of two political parties because of differing positions on some issues, . Others received a lot of positive feedback for being good and suitable for the position, as they used a lot of bloggers and influencers to support the candidacy and campaign, as well as morally destroy the other parties.

The toxicity of cancel culture on social media has resulted in a phenomenon in which it is normal to label a person without a thorough understanding of the issue and with an egocentric attitude toward the positions and views of others. Some people find it difficult to accept the facts, and they engage in misconceptions and misinformation. Breaking changes in some celebrities who beg for forgiveness from the public are visible and easily accepted, possibly due to public pressure or the other way around. Some acts are now being stopped, while others are continuing. Perhaps they don't want to get involved because they don't care.

Reference:

https://www.adobomagazine.com/insight/insight-understanding-cancel-culture-in-the-philippines-the-good-the-bad-and-what-the-numbers-say/

https://criminologyweb.com/labeling-theory-how-labelling-explains-deviance-and-crime-in-criminology-and-sociology/

https://www.mili.eu/sg

My Research Interest; The Lives of Each Every BPO Workers of the Land.

My Interest of my research; The life of Every BPO Workers of the land. 

This is the requirement of my evaluation during the acceptance in PUP Graduate School, Master in Arts in Sociology 

            My study interests are mostly focused on the underprivileged sectors of society such as workers, specifically the lives of all BPO workers and IT support employees who are currently engaged in a new work arrangement today. The pandemic series of lockdowns had resulted in several learnings and major adjustments, not only to the manner of instruction in education, but also to the influence of the gradual shift in the world of work. Since 2020, many enterprises and industries have been moved in the early stages of first community quarantines spearheaded by the government. The conventional manner of working mostly embraces the distance work from home setup and the absence of personal engagement in a typical office kind of work setting. This circumstance raised several issues, particularly about productivity, wages, and tenure at work. The continual restriction of the lockdown system in the country during the Corona virus reduced mobility, particularly during the time when BPO workers needed to be visible in the office. However, as a result of the findings, companies have changed to remote setup and gone through a lot of procedures to finish the so-called work from home arrangement. This issue resulted in a new style of labor in which Filipino workers are not particularly oriented about. Few people are aware of it in comparison to our neighboring countries in South East Asia and the Western part of the world, where working from home is common and accepted. There are several undiscovered difficulties with this setup, such as the productivity of each BPO worker, which must be checked to see if there is a difference in output or if it should remain as it was previously. Much of this situation, BPO workers are now getting used to working from home rather than heading back to the office. It is quite practical for each worker not to utilize that because it is very light from them and reduces the struggle of traveling to corporate premises. One of the main reasons why BPO workers do not want to return to traditional workplace is the current economic condition and poor mass transit, particularly in different areas such as Metro Manila. Despite the government's request that they have it again and the risk of losing the incentive of the many outsource businesses, BPO workers continue to ponder and make a suggestion to the government to have it normal in now normal society. This kind of situation lead me to find the way of what would be the best suggestions for our leadership if this type of work set up is possible. We know that the this may trigger to other social institution like the school and family that would not be easily for them to cope up due of a lot of so call psychological concerns and the prevalent of violence among the workers’ family, given some cases out about the women and the young one as well which hits the statistic previously. But this may be a big help for a continuous understanding and policy development for the land. Additionally, It will give more emphasize the work direction of the Filipino people. 

        In reference to the topic, work from home arrangements may be beneficial to private enterprises as well, as they may reduce operational costs. However, suggesting out and shouldering the needs of other related companies to employees may not always be a smart idea because employees are also attempting to manage everything at home. Previous cases among BPO employees had resulted in an unimproved formulation of responsibilities at home and confined interaction within the premises. This is also a concern of my own: how do firms deal to the condition of every BPO worker that works from home? Do they foster familial relationships and stability? Do they have a program inside their corporate team or department that promotes the wellness of each employee in the same way that other BPO organization do? How is the government regulating the outsourcing company in terms of the setup supplied to its employees? What about the average wage? Do they assess it in the past? If such is the case, why are some BPO workers still suffering as a result of this type of setup? What is the core problem here? These questions remain unanswered, and it will be in my best interests to provide a response. This would provide me with a plan of action for my targeted research for my graduate course at PUP. This institution, I believe, will be an immense asset in learning more about the steps. The framework of each course for the program, from planning to evaluating to implementing specific study outputs, has a significant impact on social transformation.

         I knew it would take time for me to level my results for other published researches in the country, but I was more concerned with the action of doing it. With the assistance of well-talented and experienced people in the graduate school, particularly the Sociology department, I will be able to go through more of this massive research learning outcome and acquire knowledge of it. It is ambiguous for an academic institution that is not well-known for its work, but it may call for ensuring its validity and a strong method for analyzing and attempting unstoppable social change.

The Iconic and Cultural Heritage of Jeepneys

Noong hindi pa nagpapandemic, isa sa mga exercises sa Anthropology classes ko ay ang pasakayin ang mga istudyante ko sa anumang ruta ng jeepney, mag-obserba sa lahat ng kanilang nakikita habang nakasakay, at magsulat ng jeepney ethnography. Bakit pinili ko ang jeepney para makapagsulat sila ng ethnography (deskripsyong pangkultura)?  Dahil naniniwala akong ang jeepney ay microcosm ng Philippine society.  Makikita sa loob ng jeepney ang ibat-ibang asal ng mga Pilipino.  

Larawan mula kay Professor Nestor Castro, Ph.D

Halimbawa, kinakailangang malakas ang pakiramdam ng pasahero habang nakasakay.  Kung may bagong sakay na pasahero, kinakailangang umusog ka para makaupo siya nang maayos.  Kung may nag-aabot ng bayad para sa drayber, kailangang ipasa mo ang bayad hanggang makaabot sa drayber.  Hindi pupuwedeng wala kang paki.  

May mga paggalang din na nararapat sa loob ng jeepney.  Ayaw ng drayber na sumusutsot ka para pumara.  Sabi nga sa karatula, ang pagsutsot ay para lang sa aso.  Mas ginugusto ng drayber na sabihin mo ang "Para" o di kaya'y "Sa tabi lang po."  Kung nasa Kabisayaan ka, "Sa lugar lang."  Syempre mayroon ding "pull string to stop."  

Kailangang alisto ka sa dala-dala mong mga gamit.  Baka may mandurukot na nakasakay din.  Alisto ka rin sa dinadaanan ng biyahe.  Baka lumampas ka na sa iyong bababaan.  Puwede rin namang magtanong, "Manong, dadaan po ba ito sa ____.  Pakibaba na lang ako doon."  

Makikita rin sa loob ng jeepney ang ibat-ibang pattern ng kulturang Pilipino.  Kinakailangang magbayad ng pamasahe ang mga pasahero (compulsory pattern).  Mas ginugusto ng mga pasahero na umupo malapit sa estribo para madali silang bumaba (typical pattern).  Karaniwang nakabukaka ang mga lalaki habang nakaupo (typical pattern).  Puwede kang nakikinig ng sounds,  natutulog, o nakikipagkuwentuhan sa kasama mo habang nakasakay sa jeepney (alternative pattern).  Mga maliliit lang na bata ang kinakandong at hindi pinapagbayad ng pamasahe (restricted pattern).  

Makikita ang pagiging syncretic ng kulturang Pilipino sa mismong harap ng drayber (syncretic - paghahalo ng ibat-ibang kultura).  Mayroong imahen ng Sto. Nino pero meron ding salaming bagua (yung may walong anggulo) para maging ligtas ang biyahe.  Pero meron ding karatulang "God knows Hudas not pay."  

Magkakaibang klase ng tao ang mga pasahero - may bata, may matanda, may istudyante, mayroong empleyado, may babae, may lalaki.  Kadalasang hindi magkakakilala ang mga pasahero pero sama-sama sila sa iisang sasakayan at may iisang patutunguhan - ang direksyon ng jeepney.  Ganyan tayo sa lipunang Pilipino.  Hindi naman tayo magkakakilala pero nasa iisang bansa tayo at sana, may iisang hangarin din.  

May pagkakaiba-iba rin ng kultura ayon sa lugar.  May mga pumipila at nagbabayad bago sumakay.  Mayroong drayber na laging kasama ang misis sa tabi na siyang nangongolekta ng bayad.  May mga jeepney terminal na may mga barker - ang taga-tawag sa pasahero.  Sa ilang prubinsya, may mga jeepney na mayroon ding konduktor.  Bagamat iisang bansa tayo, may kakanyahan pa rin ang ibat ibang rehiyon at grupong etniko sa ating bansa.  Pero lahat pa rin tayo ay mga Pilipino kahit na may pagkakaiba-iba.  

Hindi komportableng sumakay sa jeepney.  Pilit ipinagsisikan ang "siyaman" kahit pampito o pangwalo lamang ang kasya sa upuan sa bawat panig ng jeepney.  Pero tinitiis natin ito.  Ganun din naman ang buhay, puno ng kahirapan at pagtitiis.  Iyong mga nakakaangat lang sa buhay ang hindi nakakaranas ng ganitong mga paghihirap.  

Maraming aral na mapupulot sa pagsakay sa jeepney.  Pati ba naman ang tagapagdala sa mga aral na ito ay aalisin na dahil sa kautusan ng ating gubyerno?  #NoToJeepneyPhaseout

Mula sa Panulat ni Dr. Nestor Castro Ph.D, Propesor ng Antropolohiya sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas.

NO TO JEEPNEY PHASE OUT! YES TO REHABILITATION!

 Riding a jeepney has always been one of my most precious memories, but now, it seems like those memories are slowly fading away. The government's decision to phase out the traditional jeepneys and replace them with modern vehicles is a cause for concern not just for drivers, but also for passengers like me. I have witnessed drivers getting pulled over by authorities due to accidents caused by their old and outdated vehicles. While I feel sad for them, I also realize that this makes them more vulnerable to the current situation.

Jeepney drivers are facing a great battle to survive in an already difficult situation. With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting everyone's livelihood, the phase-out of jeepneys will only make their situation worse. Many jeepney drivers rely on their vehicles as their only source of income, and with the phase-out, they will be forced to find new means of living. The cost of modernizing the fleet will also be a huge burden for the drivers who are already struggling to make ends meet.

As passengers, we also have a responsibility to support our fellow drivers in their plight. The government should be fully aware of the situation and come up with a solution that will benefit everyone. We should not allow the phase-out of jeepneys to happen without a fight. We should stand with our jeepney drivers and demand that their voices be heard. Let us all say no to jeepney phase-out and work towards a solution that will benefit everyone.

During the Nationwide Transport Strike March 6, 2023, NeuroPetron, Anonas, Project 3, Quezon City.